Moody’s Cuts USA’s Aaa Rating Outlook To ‘Negative’; Treasury Dept “Disagrees”

ZeroHedge, Nov 10, 2023 – Excerpts;

…. After a disastrous 30Y bond auction this week, a collapse in Treasury market liquidity, and an accelerating rise in the market’s perception of the United States’ credit risk, Moody’s has just cut its outlook on US credit ratings to negative from stable.

The key driver of the outlook change to negative is Moody’s assessment that the downside risks to the US’ fiscal strength have increased and may no longer be fully offset by the sovereign’s unique credit strengths.

In the context of higher interest rates, without effective fiscal policy measures to reduce government spending or increase revenues, Moody’s expects that the US’ fiscal deficits will remain very large, significantly weakening debt affordability.

Continued political polarization within US Congress raises the risk that successive governments will not be able to reach consensus on a fiscal plan to slow the decline in debt affordability.

Moody’s does affirm the Aaa rating:  The affirmation of the Aaa ratings reflects Moody’s view that the US’ formidable credit strengths continue to preserve the sovereign’s credit profile…

ABSENT POLICY ACTION, FISCAL STRENGTH WILL DECLINE:  The sharp rise in US Treasury bond yields this year has increased pre-existing pressure on US debt affordability. In the absence of policy action, Moody’s expects the US’ debt affordability to decline further, steadily and significantly, to very weak levels compared to other highly-rated sovereigns, which may offset the sovereign’s credit strengths…

Moody’s expects federal interest payments relative to revenue and GDP to rise to around 26% and 4.5% by 2033, respectively, from 9.7% and 1.9% in 2022. These projections factor in Moody’s expectation of higher-for-longer interest rates, with the average annual 10-year Treasury yield peaking at around 4.5% in 2024 and ultimately settling at around 4% over the medium term. The debt affordability forecasts also take into account Moody’s expectations that, absent significant policy changes, the federal government will continue to run wide fiscal deficits of around 6% of GDP near term and to around 8% by 2033, the widening being driven by higher interest payments and aging-related entitlement spending.

By comparison, deficits averaged around 3.5% of GDP from 2015-2019. Such deficits will raise the US federal government’s debt burden to around 120% of GDP by 2033 from 96% in 2022. In turn, a higher debt burden will inflate the interest bill.

For a reserve currency country like the US, debt affordability – more than the debt burden – determines fiscal strength. As a result, in the absence of measures that limit the size of fiscal deficits, fiscal strength will increasingly weigh on the US’ credit profile.

FISCAL RISKS ARE EXACERBATED BY ENTRENCHED POLITICAL POLARIZATION UNDERSCORING RISING POLITICAL RISK:  At a time of weakening fiscal strength, there is an increased risk that political divisions could further constrain the effectiveness of policymaking by preventing policy action that would slow the deterioration in debt affordability. These risks underscore rising political risk to the US’ fiscal position and overall sovereign credit profile.

Recently, multiple events have illustrated the depth of political divisions in the US: renewed debt limit brinkmanship… In Moody’s view, such political polarization is likely to continue. As a result, building political consensus around a comprehensive, credible multi-year plan to arrest and reverse widening fiscal deficits through measures that would increase government revenue or reform entitlement spending appears extremely difficult.

While the US’ Aaa rating takes into account relative weaknesses with regards to the quality of the country’s legislative and executive institutions and fiscal policy effectiveness compared to other Aaa-rated sovereigns, there is a risk that these weaknesses take greater credit relevance because the deteriorating debt affordability trend would call for a more significant and effective fiscal policy response.

In particular, the US’ lack of an institutional focus on medium-term fiscal planning, either through legislated fiscal rules aimed at improving the fiscal balance or general bipartisan consensus on the need for fiscal consolidation, is fundamentally different from what is seen in most other Aaa-rated peers such as in Government of Germany (Aaa stable) and Government of Canada (Aaa stable).

Meanwhile, the more short-term focus of US fiscal policymaking, along with limited fiscal flexibility – because a very large portion of nondiscretionary budgetary spending is on mandatory entitlement programs and debt service (around 75% of total outlays), exacerbates already fractious bipartisan politics around a relatively disjointed and disruptive budget process. As annual debt service costs continue to rise, fiscal flexibility will diminish even further.

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Again, from Moody’s…:

“Continued political polarization within US Congress raises the risk that successive governments will not be able to reach consensus on a fiscal plan to slow the decline in debt affordability.“

And… :

“In Moody’s view, such political polarization is likely to continue. As a result, building political consensus around a comprehensive, credible multi-year plan to arrest and reverse widening fiscal deficits through measures that would increase government revenue or reform entitlement spending appears extremely difficult.“

And…:

“Meanwhile, the more short-term focus of US fiscal policymaking, along with limited fiscal flexibility – because a very large portion of nondiscretionary budgetary spending is on mandatory entitlement programs and debt service (around 75% of total outlays), exacerbates already fractious bipartisan politics around a relatively disjointed and disruptive budget process. As annual debt service costs continue to rise, fiscal flexibility will diminish even further.“

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