BNP Paribas is the largest bank in the Eurozone and 10th largest bank worldwide. The French bank is headquartered in Paris, with global headquarters in London.  It owns subsidiaries all over the world, including BankWest in the U.S..

“BNP Paribas escaped the 2007–09 credit crisis relatively unscathed reporting a €3 billion net profit for the year of 2008, and €5.8 billion for 2009.” (Source: Wikipedia)

Thanks in no small part to U.S. taxpayers…

Background – Exhibit A:

Zero Hedge  Feb 13, 2014:  US Taxpayer “Bailed Out” BNP Paribas Probed By DoJ & Fed

“TARP Recipient BNP Paribas got $4.9bn of bailouts from the U.S. Taxpayer – Today, as the WSJ reports we learn BNP Paribas has been funding transactions in Iran, Syria and other countries subject to U.S. Sanctions since 2002. The bank set aside $1.1 billion to settle investigations by the Department of Justice and the Federal Reserve but as the NY Times reports, investigations are playing out on multiple fronts – centering on whether the firm did “a significant amount” of business in “blacklisted” countires (and routed the deals through the US financial system).”

Via WSJ,  –  “…an internal probe conducted over the past few years “a significant volume of transactions” between 2002 and 2009 that could be “considered impermissible under U.S. laws and regulations...” “involving entities that were doing business in U.S.-sanctioned countries, such as Iran, Cuba, Sudan and Libya during the 2002 to 2009 period.

“BNP Paribas SA on Thursday became the latest bank to disclose the extent of its litigation problems in the U.S., saying it has set aside $1.1 billion against potential penalties related to transactions in countries under sanctions...

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Background – Exhibit B:                    

BNP Paribas Sued by US Over Banker’s Alleged Role in Fraud 

Oct. 19, 2011 (Bloomberg) — “BNP Paribas SA was sued by the U.S. over allegations the Paris-based bank aided a grain export fraud scheme involving commodity payment guarantees provided by the Department of Agriculture.

A corporate banker in BNP’s Houston office allegedly helped a scheme that defrauded the Agriculture Department of at least $78 million through deals he made with four U.S. grain exporters, according to a complaint filed yesterday in federal court in Houston.”

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Bloomberg  Nov 28, 2011  –  #18 recipient of Fed’s “secret liquidity lifelines”

“The credit crisis accelerated after BNP Paribas SA, France’s biggest bank, announced in August 2007 that it would halt withdrawals from three funds because mortgage-market turmoil “made it impossible” to value certain assets. BNP began taking Federal Reserve loans in December 2007 when the Term Auction Facility opened.

By April 2008, its Fed debt reached $29.3 billion. In 2009, BNP became the euro region’s largest bank by deposits, purchasing Brussels-based Fortis’s units in Belgium and Luxembourg for 10.4 billion euros ($15.2 billion). It issued 5.1 billion euros of preference shares to the French government in March 2009, and reimbursed the state by October. In December 2010, when the Fed disclosed the loans, BNP said it used the TAF “to assist in recycling and facilitating liquidity.”

Peak Amount of Debt on 4/18/2008:  $29.3B

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BNP Paribas received $4.9 billion in TARP funds from the U.S., and they went on to rake in a tidy $29.3 billion credit extension from the Fed via the Term Auction Facility… “to assist in recycling and facilitating liquidity.”

They were meanwhile funding significant transactions (Bloomberg) “involving entities that were doing business in U.S.-sanctioned countries, such as Iran, Cuba, Sudan and Libya during the 2002 to 2009 period.”  And they ran a “grain export fraud scheme” which ‘cooked’ the U.S. Department of Agriculture for a cool $78 million.

The $64,000 question: If BNP Paribas is deserving of direct cash infusions from the U.S. government and the Fed, then would it not be perfectly reasonable for U.S. citizens to also qualify for their own direct credit extensions “to assist in recycling and facilitating liquidity” at the family level.

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The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

$90,000 per U.S. citizen – Leviticus 25 Plan 2025 (19948 downloads )

ZeroHedge, Aug 10, 2024 | Via SchiffGold.com, – Excerpts:

Americans are already struggling to feed their families and pay their bills, but having predicted every US recession since 1960, the steepening bond yield curve is speaking loud and clear that an “official” downturn is nearly inevitable. With bond prices on the rise as the Fed looks increasingly likely to cut rates in September, the yields are going down and the inverted curve is finally leveling out after an epic two-year inversion. 

And with stocks now crashing around the world, global uncertainty is rocketing upward in a “Black Monday” event, especially as dizzyingly volatile Japan struggles to contain its post-ZIRP doom loop. In other words, the storm may be arriving in earnest….

The yield curve represents the difference in interest rates between long and short-term bonds, and every time it steepens after becoming inverted, a recession soon follows. It’s become a popular indicator because of its surgical accuracy, and because it tends to flash clear and reliable predictions before other datasets can do the same.

10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity

Source: Bloomberg

Even the Federal Reserve admits that thus far, the yield curve crystal ball has never failed. While there are some different yield spreads that one could observe between bonds of varying maturities, recessions tend to hit when the curve flattens and the Fed cuts interest rates – precisely the current scenario.

Unemployment numbers and equity prices are important as well, and last week, data showed that unemployment has gone up, triggering the “Sahm Rule” – a formula which has predicted the majority of recessions since it was devised in the 1950s by Federal Reserve alumnus Claudia Sahm….

Stock markets also flashed a sea of red last week, with Japanese stocks now tumbling further in the worst day since 1987 and the global sell-off, especially in risk assets, is intensifying. The stock market is not the economy, and as for the jobs reports, those numbers can’t be trusted — but if anything, the real employment data is even worse than indicated by official claims.

And if history is any indication, the inverted yield curve tells no lies even as government and Federal Reserve data seek to paint as rosy a picture as possible to reassure markets and continually justify the academic expertise and professional necessity of central bankers.

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America is ‘eyeball deep’ in all sectors debt: Public Debt, Corporate Debt, Household Debt.

Debt service costs are suffocating the economic health of the country.

Washington Democrats and Republicans have no credible plan to clean up this mess, and restore economic health to Federal, State, and Local governments, and Small Businesses and millions of hard-working, tax-paying families across America.

Main Street America Republicans do have a plan — a massive, across-the-board debt elimination plan for America.

The Leviticus 25 Plan is a dynamic economic initiative providing direct liquidity benefits for American families, while at the same time scaling back the role of government in managing and controlling the affairs of citizens.  It is a comprehensive plan with long-term economic and social benefits for citizens and government.

The inspiration for this plan is based upon Biblical principles set forth in the Book of Leviticus, principles tendering direct economic liberties to the people.

The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

$90,000 per U.S. citizen – Leviticus 25 Plan 2025 (19682 downloads )

A look back…

Background – Bear Stearns:

The Atlantic – Jan 25, 2011: Emails Suggest that Bear Stearns Cheated Clients out of Billions

“Former Bear Stearns mortgage executives who now run mortgage divisions of Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, and Ally Financial have been accused of cheating and defrauding investors through the mortgage securities they created and sold while at Bear.

Last week a lawsuit filed in 2008 by mortgage insurer Ambac Assurance Corp against Bear Stearns and JPMorgan was unsealed. The lawsuit’s supporting e-mails, going back as far as 2005, highlight Bear traders telling their superiors they were selling investors like Ambac a “sack of [sh#%].”

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According to the lawsuit, the Bear traders would sell toxic mortgage securities to investors and then sell back the bad loans with early payment defaults to the banks that originated them at a discount. The traders would pocket the refund, and would not pass it on to the mortgage trust, which was where it should have gone to be distributed to the investors who owned the bonds.

It’s this blatant internal awareness inside the Bear mortgage trading division that the Ambac suits says led Bear to implement an across-the-board strategy to disregard its contractual promises and conceal the defective loans….

In 2007, when Ambac started to realize something was very wrong with its high-rated bonds, it demanded Bear provide loan-level detail and reviewed 695 non-performing loans in its portfolio. Ambac’s audit concluded that 80 percent of the loans showed an early payment default….

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Bloomberg  Nov 28, 2011:

Bear Stearns Cos. Chairman James “Jimmy” Cayne told the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission that the Federal Reserve’s Primary Dealer Credit Facility, set up in March 2008 to supply emergency funding to brokerage firms, came “just about 45 minutes” too late. Without access to liquidity from the central bank, New York-based Bear Stearns had to sell itself to JPMorgan Chase & Co., ending 85 years as an independent firm. To prop up Bear Stearns while the deal could be negotiated, the Fed extended a $12.9 billion emergency loan to the firm through JPMorgan. After the deal was inked, the Fed supplied as much as $30 billion to Bear Stearns through the PDCF and single-tranche open market operations to float the firm while the takeover was pending.

Peak Amount of Debt on 3/28/2008: $30B

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U.S. citizens, who did not cheat and defraud investors by peddling toxic mortgage securities – deserve nothing less than to be granted the same access to liquidity that the Federal Reserve supplied to Bear Stearns and scores of other major banks and insurers during great financial crisis of 2007 – 2010.

The mechanism for this direct access to liquidity – a Citizens Credit Facility – via The Leviticus 25 Plan.

The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

$90,000 per U.S. citizen – Leviticus 25 Plan 2025 (19639 downloads )

A look back…

Bloomberg  Nov 28, 2011 – Excerpts:

“Wells Fargo & Co. became the largest U.S. home lender and fourth-biggest bank after purchasing Wachovia Corp. in 2008 as that bank was teetering near collapse. Wells Fargo, based in San Francisco, borrowed as much as $45 billion in February 2009, a day after regulators released details of how they would conduct stress tests on the nation’s 19 largest banks.

The Fed’s Term Auction Facility was “one of several programs offered by the government that Wells Fargo and other financial institutions were encouraged or required to participate in,” said Ancel Martinez, a spokesman for the bank.”

Peak amount of debt on 2/26/2009:  $45B                                            

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Wells Fargo’s corporate rap sheet: https://www.corp-research.org/wells-fargo

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Honest, hard-working, tax-paying U.S. citizens, the backbone of our Republic, deserve nothing less than to be granted the same direct access to liquidity, through a U.S. Citizens Credit Facility, that the Fed so graciously provided to Wells Fargo & Co and other major banks during the height of the financial crisis.

The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

$90,000 per U.S. citizen – Leviticus 25 Plan 2025 (19639 downloads )

A look back…

In 2007 and 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc engaged in some old-fashioned, end-of-quarter, creative ‘book-cooking” to disguise their quietly snowballing insolvency issues….

Their financial sleight-of-hand involved book-keeping entries known as “Repo 105s” – where late-quarter  temporary loans backed by ‘depressed’ assets were booked as ‘sales,’ with the revenues then ‘used’ to pay down debt.  This provided “window dressing” for their quarterly reports to, naturally, make ‘management’ look good.  Lehman would then ‘buy’ the asset back and add the old debt back in early in the new quarter.

Lehman ran up $50 billion worth of ‘Repo 105s’ in 2008.  Auditor Ernst & Young ‘winked’ at the Lehman ‘shell game.’

The financial crisis quickly blew the game up in the fall of 2008.

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Bloomberg  Nov 28, 2011 – Excerpts:                                                                       

“Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. filed for bankruptcy on Sept. 15, 2008, after U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson refused to authorize a government bailout for the New York-based securities firm. By then, the Fed had supplied liquidity to Lehman’s main brokerage unit, Lehman Brothers Inc., for months, reaching $31.1 billion in June 2008.

On the day of the bankruptcy, Lehman’s Fed loans reached $44.8 billion. Barclays Plc took over some of the debt after buying Lehman’s North American securities business, according to court testimony. Lehman Brothers Inc. repaid $38.5 billion on Sept. 18, and Barclays’s Fed borrowings jumped by $49.1 billion to $63.8 billion that day, the data show.”

Peak amount of Debt on 9/15/2008:  $46B    

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In review – ‘book-cooker’ Lehman Brothers received massive liquidity infusions from the Fed… and Barclays received massive Fed-generated liquidity access to buy ‘book-cooker’ Lehman.

Meanwhile, U.S. citizens, who did not ‘cook books,’ and whose money was used to transfuse Lehman and Barclays, have not been allowed similar access.

It is time now to level the playing field and grant U.S. citizens, through a Citizens Credit Facility, the very same access to Fed liquidity that Lehman, Barclays, and dozens of other banking titans received.

The Leviticus 25 Plan is a dynamic economic initiative providing direct liquidity benefits for American families, while at the same time scaling back the role of government in managing and controlling the affairs of citizens.  It is a comprehensive plan with long-term economic and social benefits for citizens and government.

The inspiration for this plan is based upon Biblical principles set forth in the Book of Leviticus, principles tendering direct economic liberties to the people.

The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

$90,000 per U.S. citizen – Leviticus 25 Plan 2025 (19639 downloads )

A look back…

Wachovia had grown into a coveted spot of the fourth largest bank holding company in the U.S. when the Mortgage Backed Securities mania imploded and Wachovia melted down and was eventually acquired by Wells Fargo.

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Wachovia Corp’s investment portfolio “began to go up in smoke” in the fall of 2008 with the collapse of the “housing boom.”  Depositors got nervous and began “pulling their money out of the bank.” (Griftopia – Matt Taibbi)

Something had to be done. The bank was deemed “systemically important” by a frantic Fed and FDIC.

Wells Fargo was urged to assist, but was naturally reluctant to get involved.  But then some old-fashioned “backroom” prompting by the Fed/Treasury sweetened the deal, and Wells Fargo stepped up to save the day.

Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson “promised” a deal that would work out to “an almost $25 billion tax break for Wells Fargo” going forward.  And then Wells Fargo received their TARP apportionment of $25 billion in cash.  Wells Fargo immediately decided it could “help the government out” and purchase Wachovia – for the fire-sale price of $12.7 billion.

Thank you America’s working taxpayers.

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Bloomberg  Nov 28, 2011 – Excerpts:

Wachovia Corp., which almost collapsed in September 2008 because of a deposit run, floated itself with Federal Reserve funds the following month after becoming the object of a takeover battle between Citigroup Inc. and Wells Fargo & Co. Fed assistance for Charlotte, North Carolina-based Wachovia included a $29 billion loan on Oct. 6, 2008, from the discount window, the biggest of any U.S. bank during the crisis from the central bank’s 97-year-old lender-of-last-resort program. Wachovia also borrowed from the Term Auction Facility, bringing total Fed liquidity to $50 billion.

Peak amount of debt on 10/9/2008:  $50B

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U.S. taxpayers to the rescue…

The banks regained their ‘healthy glow’ … while main street America remains buried in debt, and now, roiled by inflation.

The Leviticus 25 Plan would level the playing field with equal access to liquidity, via a Citizens Credit Facility, for America’s hard-working, tax-paying families. It would restore economic liberty and provide dynamic, long-term benefits for all U.S. citizens.

The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

$90,000 per U.S. citizen – Leviticus 25 Plan 2025 (19260 downloads )

A look back…

The Federal Reserve extended hundreds of billions of dollars in emergency lending to foreign banks during the great financial crisis.

Dexia SA, a Franco-Belgian financial instution was one of the big ones.

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Dexia SA – Excerpts from  Bloomberg  Nov 28, 2011:

“The biggest U.S. banks avoided the discount window, the Federal Reserve’s 97-year-old last-resort lending facility, partly out of concern that tapping it might brand them as weak. Dexia SA, a lender to local governments in Belgium, showed no such reservation.

The bank, based in Brussels and Paris, was the discount window’s biggest borrower during the crisis, tapping it for $37 billion in December 2008.

Dexia simultaneously borrowed $21.5 billion from temporary Fed programs that were primary sources of emergency funding for U.S.-based Citigroup Inc., Bank of America Corp. and JPMorgan Chase & Co. In all, Dexia owed about 120 billion euros ($168 billion) to central banks at the end of 2008. As of June 30, 2011, it still had 34 billion euros of central-bank funding.”

Peak amount of debt as of 12/31/2008:  $58.5B                     ___________________________________________

Dexia SA suffered massive net losses during 2008 and 2009 from a stream of wild, reckless investments involving Icelandic Banks, Lehman Brothers, Washington Mutual, Greek government bonds, and of all things.. investments involving Bernard Madoff’s revolving Ponzi scheme.

Since Dexia had an office in New York, they qualified for massive liquidity infusions, courtesy of the U.S. Federal Reserve.

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There is perfect justification in all of this for U.S. citizens to now be granted the same direct access to liquidity, to mitigate their own debt burdens, that was provided to major foreign banks including Dexia, Barclays, HSBC, UBS, Royal Bank of Scotland, Deutsche Bank and others.

It is now time for U.S. to level the playing field.

The Leviticus 25 Plan is a dynamic economic initiative providing direct liquidity benefits for American families, while at the same time scaling back the role of government in managing and controlling the affairs of citizens.  It is a comprehensive plan with long-term economic and social benefits for citizens and government.

The inspiration for this plan is based upon Biblical principles set forth in the Book of Leviticus, principles tendering direct economic liberties to the people.

The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

$90,000 per U.S. citizen – Leviticus 25 Plan 2025 (19260 downloads )

A look back…

The U.S. Federal Reserve generously infused major Wall Street global financial institutions, including foreign banks, with massive liquidity infusions during the height of the great financial crisis of 2007-2010.

One of the biggest recipients of the Fed’s generosity: Switzerland-based Credit Suisse…

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Bloomberg  Nov 28, 2011 – Excerpts:

“Credit Suisse Group AG, Switzerland’s second-biggest bank by assets, was the biggest user of the Fed’s single-tranche open market operations, or ST OMO, borrowing $45 billion in August 2008. Under ST OMO, securities firms swapped eligible mortgage bonds for cash.

The Zurich-based bank’s U.S. brokerage also used the Term Securities Lending Facility, which allowed firms to swap certain debt securities for Treasuries that could be loaned out or sold for cash. Credit Suisse took no part in any central bank’s collateralized funding facilities in the crisis, said Steven Vames, a bank spokesman in New York. TSLF doesn’t count because it involved no cash transfers, he said, and the bank borrowed from ST OMO only as a so-called primary dealer. Primary dealers weren’t required to bid in ST OMO.”

Peak Amount of Debt on 8/27/2008:  $60.8B

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What are single-tranche open market operations?

The Fed’s ‘secret liquidity lifelines that ran from 2007 – 2010 generally involved various credit facilities, set up to ‘rescue’ the banking system, and make banks ‘healthy.’

ST OMO’s were another unique form of liquidity infusions that provided “term funding” to the (big bank) Primary Dealers, primarily benefiting major European (Primary Dealer) banks. –  for the purpose of “mitigating heightened stress in funding markets.”

These ST OMO “secretive bailout operation” pumped out $855 billion between “March and December 2008.”

“These operations were conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York with primary dealers as counterparties through an auction process under the standard legal authority for conducting temporary open market operations. In these transactions, primary dealers could deliver any of the types of securities–Treasuries, agency debt, or agency MBS–that are accepted in regular open market operations. By providing term funding to primary dealers, this program helped to address liquidity pressures evident across a number of financing markets and supported the flow of credit to U.S. households and business.”

“Well, not really. As the chart below shows the banks, pardon, primary dealers, that benefited the most from this secret iteration of Fed generosity were once again foreign banks, with the Top 5 borrowers being Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, BNP Paribas, RBS and Barclays. Together these five accounted for $593 billion of total borrowings, or 70% of the total.”

Below is a summary of who borrowed how much in total from the Fed’s ST-OMO program.

Source:  https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1113&context=journal-of-financial-crises

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Another highlight: Credit Suisse’s ‘corporate rap sheet’: https://www.corp-research.org/credit-suisse

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And this brings us back again to the main point.

U.S. citizens deserve direct access to the liquidity extensions and credit guarantees that the Fed pumped out to rescue the banking system during the crisis period (2007 – 2010) when high-risk sub-prime debt took on ‘junk’ status, and fairly well ‘froze’ the system.

Certain Fed operations, like single-tranche open market operations, heavily favored major European banks – designed to mitigate “heightened stress.”

It is now time for the Fed to activate a U.S. Citizens Credit Facility to grant direct liquidity access to U.S. citizens – to eliminate debt and help relieve “heightened stress” at the family level in America.

The Leviticus 25 Plan is a dynamic economic initiative providing direct liquidity benefits for American families, while at the same time scaling back the role of government in managing and controlling the affairs of citizens.  It is a comprehensive plan with long-term economic and social benefits for citizens and government.

The inspiration for this plan is based upon Biblical principles set forth in the Book of Leviticus, principles tendering direct economic liberties to the people.

The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

$90,000 per U.S. citizen – Leviticus 25 Plan 2025 (19260 downloads )

Main Street America is not currently in good financial health.

ZeroHedge: ‘Worst Since COVID Lockdowns’ – Regional Fed Surveys Plunged In July

…and under the hood, it was a sh#&show!   JUL 23, 2024

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Nearly Half Of Americans Say They’re Struggling Financially: Poll

Foreclosures on the rise again nationwide — A look at the hardest hit states

Auto Insider Warns More Americans Fall Behind On Car Payments As Repos Soar 23% – “When you think about the costs for rent and shelter and insurance, all those things hit consumers and they have to choose what they will pay.”   JUL 16, 2024

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Meanwhile…

U.S. taxpayers are helping to bail out Egypt (again) through a recently expanded IMF loan of $8 billion (U.S. funds just under 20% of the IMF) and the World Bank $6 billion (U.S. funds 17.25% of the World Bank): “Egypt Teeters On Brink Of Economic Ruin As Public Debt Mounts, Poverty Rate Soars” | ZeroHedge  |  Jul 03, 2024  |  Via Middle East Eye

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And U.S. taxpayers fully funded another Middle East adventure in creative mismanagement: Biden’s $320 Million Floating Gaza Pier to be Dismantled After Operating For 21 Days Cristina Laila  TGP  Jul. 9, 2024

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And… How the US Spent $4.1 Billion on Global LGBT Initiatives | AMAC | Nov 7, 2023 From Oct. 1, 2020, through Sept. 30, 2023, the U.S. government issued more than 1,100 grants to fund LGBT-promoting projects around the world, according to a review of a federal spending website. The scope of projects varies widely.Nov 7, 2023

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And another – in Latin America: U.S. to Invest $4 Mil to Reduce Barriers Impeding LGBTQI+ Youth in Latin America,…  | Corruption Chronicles | June 13, 2024

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Meanwhile… The U.S. government dug deep into its pockets to fund this ‘generous’ outlay: Department Of Defense To Give Troops ‘Economic Hardship’ Bonus Of $20 Per Month ZeroHedge, Jul 23, 2024

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Main Street America Republicans have a better plan to eliminate ‘Economic Hardship’ for U.S. troops – and for all working class Americans

The Leviticus 25 Plan is a dynamic economic initiative providing direct liquidity benefits for American families, while at the same time scaling back the role of government in managing and controlling the affairs of citizens.  It is a comprehensive plan with long-term economic and social benefits for citizens and government.

The inspiration for this plan is based upon Biblical principles set forth in the Book of Leviticus, principles tendering direct economic liberties to the people.

The Leviticus 25 Plan – An Economic Acceleration Plan for America

$90,000 per U.S. citizen – Leviticus 25 Plan 2025 (19260 downloads )

“It is true that the virtues which are less esteemed and practiced now–independence, self-reliance, and the willingness to bear risks, the readiness to back one’s own conviction against a majority, and the willingness to voluntary cooperation with one’s neighbors–are essentially those on which the of an individualist society rests. Collectivism has nothing to put in their place, and in so far as it already has destroyed then it has left a void filled by nothing but the demand for obedience and the compulsion of the individual to what is collectively decided to be good.” – Friedrich A. Hayek, The Road to Serfdom